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Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno
Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno〔In full, (スペイン語:Don Ambrosio O'Higgins, primer Marqués de Osorno, primer Marqués de Vallenar, primer Barón de Ballinar, Virrey del Perú, caballero de la orden de Santiago) (Ricardo Donoso, ''El Marqués de Osorno: Don Ambrosio Higgins,'' Santiago, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Chile, 1942 p.53).〕 (c. 1720 – March 19, 1801〔(irishargentine.org )〕) born Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins (''Ambrós Bearnárd Ó hUiginn'', in Irish), was a member of the O'Higgins family and an Irish-born Spanish colonial administrator. He served the Spanish Empire as captain general (i.e., military governor) of Chile (1788–1796) and viceroy of Peru (1796–1801). Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins was his illegitimate son.
==Early life==
A member of the O'Higgins family, Ambrose was born at his family's ancestral seat in Ballynary, County Sligo, Ireland; the son of Charles O'Higgins and his wife (and kinswoman) Margaret O'Higgins,〔The National Genealogical Office (Dublin), MS 165. pp. 396-399.〕 who having lost their lands in Sligo migrated and became tenant farmers at Clondoogan near Summerhill in County Meath ca. 1721.〔Ibañez Vergara, Jorge. ''Demetrio O'Higgins''.〕 Along with other members of his family Ambrose worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family of Summerhill House. In fact Ambrose is said to have been employed by Lady Jane Rawley.
In 1751, O'Higgins arrived at Cádiz, where he dedicated himself to commerce as an employee of the Butler Trading House. As an Irishman and a Catholic, he was able to emigrate legally to Spanish America in 1756. Once there, and for some time, he was an itinerant trader in Venezuela, New Granada, and Peru, but, being investigated by the Inquisition, he moved to La Plata Colony, in present day Argentina, where he tried some commercial ventures. From there, O'Higgins proposed to open easy communication between Chile and Mendoza by a way over the Andes, and, his proposition being accepted, he was employed to supervise the project.〔Donoso, Ricardo. (1941) “El Marquis de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins” (Santiago: University of Chile Press).〕
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